Policing Innovation Forum 2016: Vulnerability and Domestic Abuse

There is concern that current wide-ranging research on Domestic Abuse is not having a significant impact in the policing, so this was the focus for the second PIF, held on 8 November 2016 at Manchester’s Renaissance City Centre Hotel.

Key speakers:

• Dame Vera Baird QC (PCC for Northumbria)
• Zoe Billingham (HMIC)
• Open Clasp Theatre performing ‘Rattlesnake’

Overview

The event took an innovative approach in exploring creative ways to implement positive change in the important area of domestic abuse. The purpose was not to discuss and revisit prior research but to examine innovations in policing non-physical forms of domestic abuse and the policing of coercive and controlling behaviours. This follows the need to use the new coercive control legislation which came into force in December 2015 and innovation around training, evidence collecting, arrests and prosecutions for this new offence type. The morning discussions focused on a number of key questions. The afternoon used an innovative conference design to collect data in real time drawing on the expertise of those in the room in order to create a new N8 roadmap for improvements that can be followed up through different strands and new collaborations.

Report

“95 out of 100 domestic abuse survivors in one study reported experiencing coercive control …”,

Vera Baird QC

This was a startling account from domestic abuse victims given at the beginning of the second N8 Policing Innovation Forum, held in Manchester in November. Vera Baird QC told delegates this worrying fact as she opened the conference. Vera has worked tirelessly in her position as the Police and Crime Commissioner for Northumbria to tackle abuse, as she launched the first ever Regional Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy with neighbouring PCCs.

Policing faces a huge challenge, despite decades of research, domestic abuse remains one of the biggest issues facing society and one answer to this, delegates were told by Vera Baird, is the imminent need for training with frontline officers to understand the traits and techniques of coercive and controlling behaviour. Highlighting the diverse array of contexts and challenges she suggested a multi-agency approach is needed, using ‘community champions’ to complement already trusted professionals.

 

Recent changes to legislation on coercive control means that police forces require new innovations around training, evidence collecting, arrests and prosecutions. To help address this and explore the other big questions around domestic abuse, representatives from academia, policing and the third sector recently gathered and engaged in discussions that were wide ranging, delivered by renowned academics and practitioners. Zoe Billingham (HMIC) echoed these challenges saying that increasingly domestic abuse is ‘everyone’s business’. She suggested that while this remains a top level priority, innovations were needed to better translate this into frontline policing.

The morning finished with theatre company Open Clasp performing their award winning play, ‘Rattlesnake’. Introduced by Ron Hogg, the Police and Crime Commissioner for Durham, who sponsored the project, it is based on true events, depicting the devastating and far-reaching impact on victims of coercive control. The play perfectly contextualised the issues of these relationships and truly transported the audience into that world. This provoked an emotive response and discussion, with some suggesting that this might be embedded into training across police forces as an innovative approach to combatting issues of understanding coercive behaviour.

 

The remainder of the day saw delegates take part in a variety of workshops tackling different aspects of policing domestic abuse, these included: Police Discretion in Domestic Violence cases; Gender, Inequality and Police Leadership; Should we be responding to different forms of domestic abuse in different ways? Are domestic abuse typologies useful?; Knowledge into practice, practice for knowledge testing; Predicting Domestic Violence.

Debate was initiated through a live voting system to capture real time opinions in the room. This produced some interesting results, for example in response to the statement ‘The wide cross-government definition of domestic violence and abuse is unworkable for frontline police.’ 25% agreed while 35% disagreed. This statement among others presented an apparent dichotomy in audience opinion and this developed into lively discussions.

A new research agenda

Exploring these topics further, delegates and facilitators articulated a series of important points and questions by which N8 PRP might develop a new research agenda. This included but is not exclusive to:

In relation to practice:

• The College of Policing’s pilot of a stream-lined DASH form needs evaluation and, if successful, needs rolling out as soon as possible.
• Is there a need to think of domestic abuse as a system in its own right and to remove the barriers between police, education, health etc. in order to provide the most appropriate response?
• It was widely agreed that there needs to be recognition that response officers are under huge pressure and must deal effectively and efficiently with highly complex issues. This represents a classic leadership challenge in dealing with so-called ‘Wicked Problems’.
• A lot of relevant information has not been operationalised yet, the data is sitting in silos and brought out to support points at strategic meetings, not used strategically itself.

In relation to training and education:

• Frontline officer training in the use of DASH needs to highlight more the positive role it can play in investigating an alleged DA offence.
• Should officers be accredited to be granted discretion in domestic abuse cases?
• PSHE should be made a compulsory part of the curriculum in all schools; it can teach children to guard against being groomed and offset with good relationships education.
• Whole day training sessions, where staff are removed from the workplace, can be more effective than doing catch-up courses in the two hours at the beginning or end of a shift.
• Acrimony from HMIC reports prevented the learning processes within the force. Scrutiny, whilst good, can be overbearing and unconstructed critical comments lead directly to a lack of sufficiency in remedial training.
• For learning to be transformational is needs to be directed appropriately, professionally influenced, engaging, allowing space for reflection, and followed through, not in ‘name-only’.

In relation to research:

• More observational research needs to be carried out on how frontline officers deal with reported DA incidents.
• When predicting the incidence of domestic abuse, what exactly do you predict? Volumes of incidents aren’t the same as harm; what is the best proxy for harm that is contained within data that police systems already hold (without creating a new burden on officers to collect information)?
• Best predictive results will be achieved using data from other agencies but the practicalities or data sharing is still a perennial issue and must be addressed urgently now.
• There is a need for more work on whether and how perpetrator programmes for males work given that we now have processes such as MATAC (Multi-agency tasking and coordination meetings).

Call to Action

At the end of the event, all delegates were positive about taking action as a response to the challenges and issues discussed, the final session drawing together the key points for collective action. The N8 PRP will be aiming to collate information from this Forum to with the intention of informing future events and research areas to support this year’s focus on vulnerabilities

An encouraging point that Vera Baird QC made, in support of a collective call for action, is that:

“There is a widespread need for partnership initiatives for prevention and early intervention which take police out of their comfort zone and require them to work across disciplines. Academic rigour, – which N8 can provide – will save waste and mistakes but the depth of knowledge and high level skills available from this great range of academics and practitioners also contributes to creativity in tackling a social problem which has now been acknowledged for more than thirty years but which remains endemic.”

The report section of this page was written by Professor Stephen Brookes, University of Manchester Business School & Lauren Gale, N8 PRP, and first appeared as a blog post on the N8 PRP website on March 2, 2017.